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Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a non-cancerous tumour that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. Affecting hearing and balance, this slow-growing tumour causes symptoms including tinnitus (ringing in the ear), dizziness, and balance problems in one ear only. Sometimes bigger tumours impinge on surrounding structures, leading to facial numbness or weakness.
Although the precise origin of auditory neuroma is unknown, it is associated with genetic mutations—especially in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Usually, diagnosis consists of MRI scans and hearing tests.
Tumour size and degree of symptom severity determine available treatment choices. While larger or symptomatic tumours may call for stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife), radiation therapy, or microsurgical excision, small tumours may be monitored with frequent imaging. Early identification is absolutely vital to avoid brainstem compression or permanent hearing loss.
Regular physician visits, balancing therapy, and hearing aids let patients control symptoms. Most people keep a good quality of life with suitable therapy.