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The genetic blood condition known as sickle cell disease (SCD) produces haemoglobin S, an aberrant haemoglobin. Because of this disorder, red blood cells become stiff and sickle-shaped, which lowers the flow of oxygen through the body. When sickled cells group together more than usual, round red blood cells get stuck in small blood vessels. This makes people feel bad, damages organs, and raises the risk of having a stroke.
Those with African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian backgrounds most often have SCD. Childhood marks the disease's onset with anaemia, extreme pain episodes (sickle cell crises), hand and foot oedema, recurrent infections, and slowed development. Complications include visual issues, and pulmonary hypertension and organ failure can surface over time.
SCD management includes regular medical attention, painkillers, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea—a medication that aids in lowering complications. In severe situations, a bone marrow transplant provides a possible recovery. Improving the quality of life depends on regular check-ups, good lifestyle choices, and routine immunisations, among other preventive actions.
New discoveries in research and gene therapy could lead to better treatments and maybe even a permanent cure for SCD, which would improve the quality of life for everyone who has it.