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A birth defect called spina bifida makes it so that the spine and spinal cord don't develop properly, which can cause a range of disabilities. It arises from early foetal development's inadequate closure of the neural tube. Spina bifida comes in different forms, with occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele being the most common. The severity of spina bifida also varies.
The worst kind is called myelomeningocele, and it happens when a piece of the spinal cord sticks out through a cut in the spine. This can lead to problems with the bladder or bowels, nerve damage, and even paralysis. Milder variants, such as spina bifida occulta, may go undetected with minimal symptoms.
Among the risk factors are mother health issues, genetic predisposition, and folic acid shortage during pregnancy. Many times, prenatal screening—including mother blood tests and ultrasounds—makes diagnosis possible. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include assistive tools to improve mobility and quality of life, physical therapy, and surgery.
Prevention plans rely on enough folic acid consumption both before and throughout pregnancy. Effective management of the condition depends critically on early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment; therefore, it enhances the general well-being of the affected person.