Meningitis

Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Inflammation of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord, is a hallmark of meningitis, a dangerous medical illness. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious and potentially fatal type, though it can also be brought on by viral, fungal, bacterial, or parasitic diseases. Enteroviruses, the mumps virus, or the herpes simplex virus often cause meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae are common bacteria that cause meningitis.
Severe headache, elevated temperature, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, and light sensitivity are all signs of meningitis. Symptoms in babies can include a protruding soft area on the head, difficulty eating, and irritability. If meningitis is not treated right away, it can spread quickly and cause seizures, brain damage, or even death.
The diagnosis process uses imaging scans, lumbar punctures (spinal taps), and blood tests. The aetiology determines the course of treatment; supportive care is typically used for viral meningitis, whereas prompt IV antibiotics are needed for bacterial meningitis. Vaccination against Hib, pneumococcal, and meningococcal diseases can significantly reduce the risk of meningitis.
To avoid complications, early detection and medical intervention are essential. Seeking immediate medical attention can save lives in cases of suspected meningitis.