Melasma

The common skin disorder melasma causes dark, discoloured spots on the face—especially on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It results from excessive melanin production, the pigment in charge of skin tone. Women are more likely to have the disorder, particularly during pregnancy; its appearance has earned it the moniker "pregnancy mask". Hormones, sun exposure, genetics, and some drugs can trigger melasma.
Melasma causes major cosmetic problems even if it is benign. Usually symmetric, the patches tend to darken after sun exposure. Because of their higher melanin activity, those with darker skin tones are more likely to get melasma. Triggers from birth control pills or pregnancy might aggravate the illness, including UV exposure, heat, and hormonal changes.
To brighten the patches, treatment choices include topical creams with hydroquinone, retinoids, and corticosteroids. Dermatological treatments such as microdermabrasion, laser therapy, and chemical peels can also reduce pigmentation. Sun protection—that is, broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective gear, and avoidance of direct sunlight—is the greatest way to prevent it.
Although melasma can be chronic, with appropriate skincare and medical intervention, its look can be reduced, therefore enabling people to restore confidence and keep even-toned, healthy skin.