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Under the progressive disorder known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys progressively lose their capacity to filter waste and extra fluids from the blood. Factors including diabetes, hypertension, genetic abnormalities, and protracted kidney infections throughout time help to develop it. Five stages define CKD; the last stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), calls for either dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Later stages of CKD often show symptoms including fatigue, oedema, high blood pressure, frequent urination, nausea, and trouble focusing. Waste builds up in the body as kidney performance falls, causing problems including anaemia, bone weakness, and cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosis calls for imaging scans, urine tests for protein leakage, and blood tests to gauge creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Treatment emphasises dietary changes to cut sodium, potassium, and protein intake; drugs to lowerblood pressure and blood sugar; and the slowing down of progress via lifestyle changes.
Preventing kidney failure depends critically on early identification and treatment. Maintaining kidney function requires keeping hydrated, avoiding too strong NSAIDs, and managing underlying diseases. Continuous research in regenerative medicine and creative ideas gives promise for improved CKD therapy and control.