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Affected mostly by the spine and sacroiliac joints, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement. This autoimmune disorder causes ongoing inflammation by means of the immune system attacking healthy tissues in error. AS can cause spinal fusion with time, therefore greatly restricting flexibility.
Although the precise aetiology of AS is uncertain, genetic elements are clearly important. The HLA-B27 gene has a fairly strong correlation with AS, even though not everyone who carries it has the disorder. Its starting point may also be environmental elements and immune system malfunction.
Typical complaints include morning stiffness, chronic lower back pain, limited spinal flexibility, hip and shoulder pain, and tiredness. In some circumstances inflammation could harm the lungs, heart, and eyes (uveitis).
Diagnosis calls for physical examination, X-ray or MRI imaging, and blood tests looking for HLA-B27 and inflammatory markers.
Treatment consists of biologic medicines, NSAIDs, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. Good posture, consistent exercise, and a nutritious diet help control symptoms. Early intervention helps to avoid complications and enhance quality of life even though there is no cure.