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Prolonged elevated cortisol levels from the adrenal glands induce the hormonal condition known as Cushing's syndrome. It can arise from long-term corticosteroid drug usage or from excessive cortisol generation resulting from pituitary or adrenal tumours (Cushing's disease).
Symptoms include shrinking arms and legs, inexplicable weight gain—especially in the face (moon face), abdomen, and upper back—and a buffalo hump. High blood pressure, muscle weakness, sensitive skin, easy bruising, sluggish healing of wounds, and extreme tiredness are further symptoms. Occasionally people go through mood swings, anxiety, depression, and irregular menstruation cycles.
Serious consequences include diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease, and increased susceptibility to infections that can follow from Cushing's syndrome. To pinpoint the underlying reason, diagnosis calls for blood testing, urine tests, saliva tests, and imaging procedures such as CT scans or MRIs.
Treatment depends on the cause; recommendations can be for lowering corticosteroid use, surgical tumour excision, radiation therapy, or drugs that reduce cortisol levels. A nutritious diet and consistent exercise are among the lifestyle changes that could help control symptoms. For those with Cushing's syndrome, early identification and treatment are absolutely vital to avoid problems and enhance quality of life.