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High blood sugar levels resulting from insulin insufficiency or resistance define the chronic metabolic condition known as diabetes mellitus. It exists mostly in two forms: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disorder, is caused by the immune system attacking the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in either minimal or no production. Type 1 diabetes usually arises in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Among the symptoms are unexpected weight loss, frequent urination, extreme thirst, and tiredness.
The most frequent type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, develops from insulin resistance—that is, from improper response of the body's cells to insulin. The pancreas may eventually find it difficult to generate enough insulin, resulting in raising blood sugar levels. Genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity typically contribute to this condition. Among the symptoms are numbness in extremities, sluggish healing of wounds, increased appetite, and distorted vision.
Both forms call for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid problems including kidney damage, neuropathy, heart disease, and vision loss. Treatment calls for drugs, lifestyle modifications, and insulin for Type 1. Control of type 2 diabetes depends critically on a healthy diet, consistent exercise, and weight management. Effective management helps prevent problems and raises the general quality of life.