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The chronic lung disorder known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) blocks airflow and causes breathing trouble. It mostly covers emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both diseases that over time compromise the lungs. Long-term irritating exposure to things like occupational toxins, air pollution, and cigarette smoke is the main cause of COPD. Moreover, influencing its development are genetic elements such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
COPD symptoms include coughing constantly, more mucus produced, dyspnoea, wheezing, and tiredness. Reduced lung function makes daily tasks more difficult as the disease advances. Infections or environmental triggers can cause exacerbations—that is, a sudden worsening of symptoms—which, should they be severe, result in hospitalisation.
Diagnosis calls for imaging scans, spirometry, and blood tests to evaluate oxygen levels. Although there is no cure for COPD, treatment focusses on symptom management and slowing down its development. Medications, including oxygen treatments, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, help ease breathing. Better disease control depends on pulmonary rehabilitation, changes in behaviour, and smoking cessation.
Early intervention and appropriate medical treatment can improve the quality of life for COPD patients, thereby lowering their problems and extending their survival. Dealing with this worldwide health issue depends critically on raised awareness and preventative actions.