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A common cardiovascular disorder, known as coronary artery disease (CAD), results from plaque accumulation and the narrowing or blocking of coronary arteries. This condition lowers blood supply to the heart, which causes shortness of breath, chest pain (angina), and, in severe cases, heart attacks. The leading cause of death worldwide, CAD mostly results from genetic inclination and lifestyle choices.
High cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a diet heavy in processed foods and saturated fats define the key risk factors for CAD. Chronic stress and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute to the development of the disease. Over time, atherosclerosis, the buildup of fat in the arteries, limits the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, which makes it work less well.
Along with consistent physical activity, a heart-healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps prevent CAD. Controlling stress, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight significantly lowers the risk. Medications, lifestyle changes, and, in severe cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery are among the available treatment options. Improving heart health and avoiding potentially fatal consequences depend on early discovery and appropriate therapy.