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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart disease that causes the heart muscle, especially the left ventricle, to get thicker than it should. This thickening may block blood flow, which would complicate matters by making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood adequately and might cause arrhythmias and abrupt cardiac arrest.
Many times inherited, HCM results from mutations in genes controlling heart muscle structure. One of the main causes of sudden cardiac mortality in young athletes, it can afflict individuals of all ages. Many times, especially during physical activity, people with HCM may remain asymptomatic while others develop symptoms including shortness of breath, chest discomfort, dizziness, exhaustion, or fainting.
To evaluate heart anatomy and function, diagnosis calls for imaging studies including echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). We might also advise those with a family history of HCM to undergo genetic testing.
The treatment mostly addresses symptom control and minimises consequences. While severe cases could call for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) or surgical procedures such as septal myectomy, medications including beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers help improve heart function. Effective management of HCM depends on lifestyle changes, including avoidance of heavy physical effort.