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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition that makes the left ventricle, the heart's main pumping chamber, swell and weaken. This makes it harder for blood to flow through the heart. This condition can cause heart failure, arrhythmias—that is, abnormal heart rhythms—and other problems over time.
Although the precise origin of DCM is sometimes unknown, elements, including genetic abnormalities, viral infections, high blood pressure, too much alcohol, and some drugs, can help bring it on. Though it is more common in middle-aged adults, the condition is one of the most often occurring forms of cardiomyopathy and can afflict anyone of any age.
Shortness of breath, tiredness, leg swelling, dizziness, and irregular heartbeats define DCM symptoms. Patients may have increasing heart failure symptoms as the illness advances, which calls for medical intervention.
Usually, to evaluate heart function and structure, diagnosis calls for imaging studies like echocardiography, MRI, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). Using drugs such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics, the treatment focusses on controlling symptoms and preventing complications. Severe cases could call for devices like pacemakers or implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Managing DCM depends critically on lifestyle modifications, including a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and avoidance of alcohol.