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The disorder known as aortic stenosis causes the aortic valve—which controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body—to become either narrow or blocked. This constriction drives the heart to pump blood harder, which strains the left ventricle and lowers the body's oxygen-rich blood supply.
Aortic stenosis generally results from rheumatic fever, congenital heart problems (like bicuspid aortic valve), and age-related calcium accumulation. Usually developing gradually, symptoms could include palpitations, fainting, coughing, dyspnoea, tiredness, and chest pain. Severe forms might cause abrupt cardiac arrest or heart failure.
Usually, echocardiography, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and cardiac catheterisation help diagnose a condition. While moderate to severe cases require medical attention, frequent visits can monitor mild cases. Medications to ease the symptoms, balloon valvuloplasty to temporarily make the valve bigger, or surgery, such as aortic valve replacement (either open-heart surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR), are all options for treatment.
Preventing problems depends critically on early identification and rapid management. Changes in lifestyle include a heart-healthy diet, consistent exercise, and smoking avoidance. These to help support general heart health and slow down the course of disease.