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The disorder known as mitral valve prolapse (MVP) results from improper closure of the mitral valve, which runs between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. Instead, when the heart contracts, the leaflets of the valve expand (prolapse) into the left atrium. This can sometimes cause mitral regurgitation, a condition in which blood leaks backwards.
Often, MVP is modest and may not show any signs. Some people, meanwhile, have palpitations, vertigo, dyspnoea, tiredness, or chest discomfort. Major regurgitation can cause problems such as heart failure or arrhythmias in severe cases. Although the exact cause of MVP remains unknown, it may be associated with underlying heart diseases, connective tissue illnesses, or genetic elements.
Usually, echocardiography—which offers finely detailed pictures of valve performance—makes the diagnosis. While most cases do not require therapy, doctors may advise lifestyle modifications, beta-blockers, or other drugs to control symptoms. Should extreme regurgitation arise, surgical valve repair or replacement could be required.
Monitoring MVP calls for regular cardiac checks, particularly if symptoms get worse. Although usually not fatal, early identification and appropriate treatment help to avoid problems and guarantee a healthy heart.