Achalasia

Achalasia: Aetiology, Symptoms, and Management
Rare esophageal motility disease known as achalasia causes food and liquids to move into the stomach with difficulty when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax. This disorder occurs from nerve injury affecting esophageal muscles, causing food retention in the oesophagus and dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing.
Reasons Behind Achalasia
Nerve degeneration—loss of nerve cells regulating esophageal muscles—occurs.
Autoimmune factors: The immune system could assault nerve cells, therefore compromising their ability.
Some viruses can cause esophageal nerve injury.
Chagas disease is a parasite infection connected in some areas to achalasia.
Characteristics of Achalasia
Challenge ingesting liquids and solids.
Regurgitation of food not digested
chest discomfort or agony
Unintentional weight reduction
Regular night coughing or heartburn
Available Treatments
Medications: Calcium channel blockers or nitrates to ease LES contraction.
Botox injections momentarily relaxes esophageal muscles.
Pneumatic dilatation expands the LES by placing a balloon there.
Surgery to sever tight esophageal muscles is either POEM (peroral endoscopic myotomy) or Heller myotomy.
Early diagnosis and suitable therapy can greatly enhance the quality of life and swallowing ability of chalceda sufferers.