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A chronic disorder marked by a continuous burning or scalding sensation in the mouth without clear explanation is burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Usually it affects the tongue, lips, gums, and inner cheeks. BMS can be classified as either primary, with no clear underlying illness, or secondary, brought on by dietary inadequacies, hormonal imbalances, allergies, dry mouth, acid reflux, or drug side effects.
Among the symptoms are dry mouth and changed taste sensation—bitter or metallic—as well as more thirst. The suffering could get greater during the day and last for months or years, therefore compromising quality of life. Although the exact cause of the main BMS remains unknown, nerve malfunction is believed to be involved.
Diagnosis consists of ruling out underlying diseases using salivary gland evaluations, oral exams, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the cause and could call for dietary supplements, saliva substitutes, stress management, and drugs, including antidepressants or neuropathic painkillers. Changes in lifestyle can help control symptoms by avoiding tobacco, acidic beverages, and spicy meals as well as alcohol.
Effective long-term therapy and alleviation for BMS, a complicated disorder, usually depend on a multidisciplinary approach including dentists, neurologists, and pain experts.