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Oral cancer is a severe disease that affects the mouth, lips, tongue, cheeks, and throat. It occurs when abnormal cells develop uncontrollably, resulting in tumours that can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Early detection leads to much better treatment outcomes.
Causes and Risk Factors
The chief causes of oral cancer include long-term tobacco use (smoking or chewing), excessive alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Other risk factors include excessive sun exposure (which can lead to lip cancer), poor oral hygiene, a compromised immune system, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables. 

Symptoms of Oral Cancer
Common symptoms include recurrent mouth sores, white or red patches in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, jaw pain, unexplained bleeding, and lumps or thickened areas in the oral cavity. Hoarseness or a prolonged sore throat may suggest throat cancer.
Treatment Options:
The stage and location of cancer determine its treatment. Tumour removal surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted medication therapy are all possible options. Regular dental checkups and avoiding risk factors can aid in early detection and prevention. Seeking medical attention for atypical oral changes is critical for a successful outcome.