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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin and mucosal cancer that starts in squamous cells, which cover the outside of the skin and the inside of many organs. It is the second most prevalent type of skin cancer and can affect the mouth, throat, lungs, and oesophagus.
Causes and Risk Factors
Extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is the primary cause of SCC. Other risk factors include smoking, chronic inflammation, exposure to toxic chemicals, compromised immune systems, and HPV infection. Affected individuals are more likely to have fair skin and a history of sunburn.
Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
SCC typically manifests as a scaly, red area, a firm lump, or an open sore that does not heal. It might manifest in the oral cavity as white or red patches, chronic ulcers, or difficulties swallowing. If not treated, SCC can spread to deeper tissues and other areas of the body.
Treatment Options:
Surgery, cryotherapy, or laser therapy are common treatments for early-stage SCC. Advanced instances may necessitate radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Regular skin inspections and protective measures, such as sunscreen use, help prevent SCC and allow for early detection.