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Oral melanoma is a rare and malignant kind of melanoma that appears in the mouth. UV exposure causes skin melanoma, whereas melanocytes, the cells that produce colour, develop oral melanoma. It usually appears in the mucosal tissues of the mouth, such as the gums, palate, or roof of the mouth, although it can also affect the tongue or lips.
Oral melanoma symptoms may include a pigmented lesion or discolouration in the mouth, which is typically brown, black, or bluish in colour. The lesion may develop over time, become irregular in shape, and even bleed. Other symptoms include soreness, oedema, and difficulty swallowing.
The specific aetiology of oral melanoma is unknown; however, genetic alterations, tobacco use, and poor oral hygiene may all contribute to the risk. Due to its rarity, people sometimes mistake this type of melanoma for benign pigmented lesions or oral ulcers.
Early detection is critical to improving survival rates. Surgical removal normally removes the tumour, but its aggressive nature may necessitate additional therapies like radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Regular oral examinations and rapid attention to odd mouth lesions can help detect oral melanoma in its early stages.