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Actinomyces Species, most notably Actinomyces israelii, cause Actinomycosis, an uncommon chronic bacterial infection. These bacteria are typically innocuous in the mouth, throat, and intestines, but they can cause infection if they infiltrate deeper tissues through injury, dental operations, or surgery. The infection usually starts in the face, neck, chest, belly, or pelvis, resulting in slow-growing, firm abscesses and draining sinus tracts that produce pus containing sulphur granules.
Common symptoms include swelling, discomfort, fever, and skin redness around the affected area. If left untreated, the infection can spread to bones and other organs, resulting in serious problems. People frequently misdiagnose actinomycosis due to its similarities to other illnesses or even cancers. We use clinical examination, imaging (CT or MRI), and laboratory tests, such as bacterial cultures, to make the diagnosis.
Treatment necessitates extended antibiotic medication, usually with high-dose penicillin for several weeks to months. In extreme situations, surgical draining or excision of infected tissue may be required. Preventive methods include practicing proper oral hygiene and addressing dental infections or injuries as soon as they occur. Actinomycosis has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed and treated promptly, but delayed care can result in considerable tissue damage and consequences.