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Metastatic bone disease develops when cancer cells from the original tumours in other regions of the body go to the bones. This process is known as metastasis, and it can occur in a variety of tumours, including breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and thyroid cancers. When these cancer cells enter the bones, they can affect normal bone structure and function, resulting in issues such as bone pain, fractures, and weaker bones.
Metastatic cancer primarily affects the spine, pelvis, ribs, and long bones of the arms and legs. When cancer spreads to the bone, specific chemicals are released that either encourage bone breakdown or impede bone growth, resulting in bone lesions that damage the bone structure.
Localised pain, swelling, and restricted movement are common symptoms of metastatic bone disease; it can also be asymptomatic in its early stages. We commonly use diagnostic methods like X-rays, bone scans, CT scans, and MRIs to detect metastases.
The treatment for metastatic bone disease focuses on pain management, fracture prevention, and delaying disease progression. We can use radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and medicines like bisphosphonates or denosumab to strengthen bones and prevent problems.