Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the Spine (Pott's Disease): TB Infection Impacting the Spine

Tuberculosis of the spine, often known as Pott's disease, is a severe kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis affecting the vertebrae. It happens when Mycobacterium TB travels from the lungs to the spinal column via the circulation or lymphatic system. This illness primarily affects the thoracic and lumbar spine regions, causing gradual bone deterioration and abnormalities if left untreated.

Early symptoms include back discomfort, stiffness, and tenderness in specific areas. As the infection progresses, it can result in spinal instability, kyphosis (hunchback deformity), and neurological issues caused by spinal cord compression. Severe cases may cause paralysis. Systemic signs of the condition include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and weariness.

X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans are used to find spinal injuries. To confirm an M. tuberculosis infection, a biopsy or culture is then done. Long-term anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) lasts at least six to nine months. In advanced cases of severe deformity or neurological damage, surgical intervention may be required to stabilise the spine.

Early detection and early treatment are critical for avoiding lifelong damage. Pott's disease remains a major health concern, especially in areas where tuberculosis is prevalent.