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Sciatica is a painful ailment that results from irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve runs from the lower spine down the buttocks and down each leg, influencing movement and sensation. A herniated or slipped disc, which exerts pressure on the nerve roots, is the most common cause of sciatica. Spinal stenosis, bone spurs, and muscular inflammation are all other possible causes.
Sciatica symptoms often involve intense, shooting pain spreading from the lower back to the legs, usually affecting only one side of the body. Tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness in the affected limb are possible symptoms. Long periods of sitting, standing, or rapid movements might exacerbate the pain.
We use a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests like X-rays or MRI scans to make a diagnosis. The severity determines the treatment, with conservative alternatives like rest, physical therapy, pain medicines, and hot/cold therapy being useful in mild cases. To reduce nerve pressure in severe situations, corticosteroid injections or surgery may be required.
Maintaining excellent posture, exercising regularly, and avoiding heavy lifting are all examples of preventive actions. Early diagnosis and treatment of sciatica can avoid chronic pain and increase mobility, hence improving overall quality of life.