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Hip dysplasia is the misalignment or dislocation of the hip joint in infants.
Newborns with hip dysplasia, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), have improperly formed hip joints. It happens when the ball of the femur (thigh bone) does not fit snugly into the hip socket, resulting in partial or full dislocation. This syndrome may be present at birth or develop during early infancy.
The actual cause of hip dysplasia is not always known; however, some risk factors enhance the likelihood. These include breech birth, a family history of the disorder, and restricted womb space. It is more common in first-born children and females due to hormonal influences on joint flexibility.
Early identification is critical for avoiding long-term problems, including discomfort, limping, or arthritis in adulthood. Paediatricians commonly use physical examinations and ultrasound imaging to assess babies for hip instability. Mild cases may resolve themselves; however, more serious cases necessitate treatment. Infants commonly use a Pavlik harness to maintain their hips in the optimal position for development. In the latter stages, surgery may be required.
With prompt care, most newborns with hip dysplasia can regain normal hip function, allowing them to grow and develop normally.