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Bone tumours are abnormal growths that can form inside bones. We divide them into benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) kinds. Benign bone tumours, while not malignant, can cause discomfort, deformity, and fractures if they grow large enough. Common benign tumours include osteochondroma, which grows on the bone's surface, and osteoid osteoma, which affects mostly young individuals.
In contrast, malignant bone tumours are carcinogenic and can spread throughout the body. Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumours, primarily affecting teenagers and young adults, particularly in their arms and legs. Chondrosarcoma is another form that develops in cartilage cells and is more common in elderly persons. These malignant tumours can be more aggressive and necessitate lengthy therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.
The causes of bone tumours are not fully understood; however, certain genetic factors, prior radiation exposure, or a history of cancer can all raise the risk. Imaging modalities such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans are often used to make the diagnosis, which is then confirmed with a sample. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving outcomes, especially in malignant bone tumours, where surgical intervention in conjunction with other therapies may provide the best prognosis.