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Dental caries, also known as cavities, are among the most frequent oral health disorders worldwide. They form when the enamel, the protective outer coating of teeth, is destroyed as a result of plaque buildup and bacterial activity. Bacteria like Streptococcus mutans are the principal cause, as they metabolise carbohydrates from the diet to produce acids that erode enamel.
Cavities start as small, sometimes unnoticeable lesions, but they can grow into bigger areas of decay, eventually reaching the dentin and pulp layers of the tooth. This can result in pain, sensitivity, and, in severe cases, infections or abscesses. Poor oral hygiene, frequent use of sugary or acidic foods, and inadequate fluoride exposure all contribute to an increased risk of dental caries.
Cavities are prevented with a combination of proper oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and scheduling frequent dental check-ups. Dietary choices are also important; limiting sugar consumption and eating tooth-friendly snacks like cheese and almonds can help keep enamel intact.
Cavities require early detection and treatment. Fluoride treatments are available for moderate decay, as well as fillings, crowns, and root canal therapy for more severe damage. Protecting your teeth today leads to a healthier smile tomorrow!