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Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an eye disorder that can cause blindness in premature infants. It happens when normal retinal blood vessel formation is disturbed, resulting in aberrant growth and, in severe cases, retinal detachment. Premature babies, particularly those delivered before 31 weeks gestation or weighing less than 1500 grams, are more likely to have ROP due to their immature circulatory systems.
The illness proceeds in stages, from mild (Stage 1) to severe (Stage 5), and full retinal detachment can lead to blindness. Early identification is crucial because severe stages necessitate surgical procedures such as laser therapy, cryotherapy, or vitrectomy to save vision.
Oxygen therapy, low birth weight, and overall neonatal health all influence ROP. To reduce risk, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) monitor and regulate oxygen levels. Regular eye tests are required for preterm newborns, usually beginning 4-6 weeks after birth, to detect and manage ROP in its early stages.
Advances in neonatal care have increased preterm infant survival rates, making ROP identification and timely treatments critical to preserving these children's healthy visual futures.