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Graves' orbitopathy, also known as Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), is an autoimmune illness that affects the eyes and is often associated with thyroid issues, particularly hyperthyroidism. TED develops when the body's immune system erroneously targets the tissues around the eyes, causing inflammation and swelling of the muscles and fatty tissues behind them. This can cause the eyes to protrude, giving them a distinctive bulging appearance, as well as symptoms such as dryness, redness, double vision, and trouble closing them entirely.
Although the specific aetiology of TED is unknown, it is thought to be a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. People with Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis are more likely to develop TED, but it can also occur in people without overt thyroid illness.
Mild cases can be treated with eye drops and lifestyle adjustments; more severe cases may necessitate medical interventions such as steroids, radiation therapy, or even surgery to rectify the eye alignment or minimise the protrusion. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for preventing permanent vision damage.
For more information on controlling TED, speak with an ophthalmologist or endocrinologist who specialises in thyroid diseases.