Cranial Nerve Palsies

Cranial nerve palsies are dysfunctions in one or more of the twelve cranial nerves that originate in the brain and brainstem and are important for motor, sensory, and autonomic activities. Trauma, vascular illnesses (such as strokes or aneurysms), infections, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases are all potential causes of these palsies.  Congenital or idiopathic diseases may also have a role.
Cranial nerve palsies cause symptoms that vary depending on the nerve affected.

Symptoms of third nerve palsy (oculomotor nerve) include drooping eyelids, restricted eye movement, and dilatation of the pupil.
Sixth nerve palsy (abducens nerve) results in difficulty moving the eye outward, leading to double vision, also known as diplopia.
The seventh nerve palsy, also known as facial nerve palsy, causes facial muscle weakness or paralysis, which can impact expression and taste.
We use clinical evaluation, imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans, and occasionally, nerve conduction studies to make the diagnosis.
Management focuses on resolving the underlying issue. This may involve drugs (antibiotics, steroids), surgical techniques, or rehabilitative therapies such as physiotherapy or Botox injections for muscle stiffness. Early detection and treatment greatly improve outcomes, restoring functionality and reducing problems.