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Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (ION) is a dangerous eye disorder characterized by inadequate blood supply to the optic nerve, resulting in rapid vision loss. The optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, is extremely sensitive to changes in blood supply. Disrupting this supply can cause permanent damage.
There are two forms of ischaemic optic neuropathy:

Anterior (AION) and posterior (PION). AION is more common in the front of the optic nerve, whereas PION affects the nerve's posterior half.
Illnesses such as giant cell arteritis or systemic vascular problems like hypertension, diabetes, or sleep apnoea frequently link to AION. A pale or bulging optic disc often follows a sudden, painless vision loss in one eye during examination.
PION, albeit rare, is frequently associated with trauma, surgery, or acute blood loss. Similar to acute vision loss, PION does not exhibit the optic disc enlargement associated with AION.
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for maintaining vision. Treatment aims to address underlying causes by reducing vascular risk factors or providing corticosteroids for arteritic types.