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Choroidal Melanoma: Understanding Eye Cancer
Choroidal melanoma is an uncommon but serious type of eye cancer that develops in the choroid, the circulatory layer between the retina and the sclera. It accounts for the majority of primary intraocular malignancies in people and, if not treated, can cause serious visual impairment or loss.
The specific aetiology of choroidal melanoma is unknown, but it is frequently linked to characteristics such as age, fair skin, and a history of certain eye diseases or UV radiation exposure. The tumour usually appears as a pigmented mass, which may or may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. As the tumour grows, patients may notice visual abnormalities such as blurred vision, floaters, or a blind patch in their field of vision.
A complete eye exam, which includes fundus photography, ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), is typically used to make the diagnosis. A biopsy or small needle aspiration may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment methods vary depending on the tumor's size, location, and spread. Radiation therapy, laser treatment, and surgical tumour excision are common treatments. Early detection and treatment are critical for protecting vision and avoiding future issues.