Medical Services

Macular Degeneration: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Macular degeneration, commonly known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a degenerative eye disease that affects the macula, the central region of the retina that allows for clear and detailed vision. It is the main cause of vision loss in individuals over 50, affecting functions such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
Causes
The actual aetiology of AMD is unknown, but age, genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, and chronic UV radiation exposure all contribute to an increased risk. We can classify macular degeneration as either dry (atrophic) or wet (neovascular). Gradual macula thinning characterizes the dry type, while aberrant blood vessel formation behind the retina distinguishes the wet form, leading to a faster and more severe vision loss.
Symptoms
Early symptoms of AMD include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulties seeing tiny details, and the appearance of black or empty patches in the visual field. Peripheral vision usually remains unaffected.
Treatment
While there is no cure for AMD, anti-VEGF injections can help reduce its growth in wet AMD. Lifestyle adjustments, such as a high-antioxidant diet, regular eye checkups, and low-vision devices, can help treat dry AMD and preserve vision.
Those with macular degeneration require early detection and proactive care to maintain their quality of life.