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Conjunctival tumors are abnormal growths that form on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white area of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. These tumors can be benign, premalignant, or malignant, with reasons ranging from genetic susceptibility to environmental factors such as prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure.

Common benign tumors include conjunctival nevi and papillomas, although premalignant lesions such as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can proceed to malignant diseases if left untreated. Malignant conjunctival tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lymphoma, are serious threats to eyesight and overall health.

A thorough eye examination, imaging examinations, and biopsy are usually required to determine the nature and extent of the tumor.

Treatment options vary depending on the nature and degree of the tumor. For premalignant and malignant lesions, treatment options include surgical excision, cryotherapy, and topical chemotherapy. Early detection and treatment are critical for properly controlling conjunctival tumors, guaranteeing the best possible outcomes for both vision and health. Regular eye exams are required, especially for those at higher risk.