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Corneal Dystrophies are a type of genetic eye disorder that affects the cornea, the transparent, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. These disorders involve progressive deterioration of the corneal tissue, resulting in visual issues and discomfort. One of the most frequent types is Fuchs' dystrophy, a genetic illness that predominantly affects the cornea's endothelial cells, which are crucial for maintaining its clarity and hydration.
Fuchs' dystrophy occurs when endothelial cells gradually degrade, affecting the cornea's capacity to clear excess fluid and causing swelling. This causes impaired vision, particularly in the morning, as the cornea may swell overnight. As the illness progresses, people may have pain, glare, and difficulties seeing at night.
The symptoms of corneal dystrophies vary depending on the type and stage of development. While some people may have modest symptoms for many years, others may experience quick vision loss. Typically, a full eye exam, including corneal imaging, confirms the diagnosis.
The severity of Fuchs' dystrophy and other corneal dystrophies determines their treatment. In the early stages, eye medications or ointments might help reduce swelling. In more severe situations, operations like corneal transplant surgery may be required to restore eyesight and relieve symptoms. Early detection and care can improve results for patients suffering from these illnesses.